Where Does the Smell of Cannabis Come From?

The distinctive aroma of cannabis is one of its most recognizable features. This guide explores the sources of cannabis’ smell, the role of terpenes, and how different factors influence the scent profile.

The Role of Terpenes

What are Terpenes?

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the diverse range of smells in cannabis strains, from fruity and floral to earthy and spicy. Terpenes also play a role in the plant’s defense mechanisms, repelling pests and attracting pollinators.

Common Terpenes in Cannabis

• Myrcene: Known for its musky, earthy scent with hints of cloves. It is also found in hops, thyme, and lemongrass.
• Limonene: Has a citrusy aroma reminiscent of lemons and oranges. It is commonly found in citrus fruits.
• Pinene: Smells like pine needles and is also present in conifer trees, rosemary, and basil.
• Linalool: Offers a floral scent with a touch of spiciness, similar to lavender.
• Caryophyllene: Provides a peppery, spicy aroma. It is found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon.

How Terpenes Influence Cannabis Smell

Terpene Profiles

Each cannabis strain has a unique terpene profile, a combination of different terpenes in varying concentrations. This profile determines the overall scent of the strain. For example, a strain high in limonene and pinene will have a fresh, citrusy and piney aroma, while a strain rich in myrcene and caryophyllene will smell more earthy and spicy.

Entourage Effect

Terpenes not only contribute to the aroma but also interact with cannabinoids like THC and CBD, influencing the overall effects of the cannabis. This synergy is known as the “entourage effect.”

Factors Affecting Cannabis Aroma

Genetics

The genetic makeup of a cannabis plant largely determines its terpene profile and, consequently, its smell. Breeders selectively cultivate strains to enhance desirable aromatic traits.

Growing Conditions

• Soil and Nutrients: The type of soil and nutrients used can affect terpene production. Rich, organic soil can enhance terpene profiles, resulting in stronger aromas.
• Climate: Temperature, humidity, and light exposure during cultivation impact terpene synthesis. Optimal growing conditions produce more aromatic plants.
• Harvesting and Curing: Proper harvesting and curing techniques preserve terpenes and enhance the aroma. Curing involves drying and storing the buds in controlled conditions to develop and maintain the desired scent.

The Science Behind the Smell

Olfactory System

When you smell cannabis, volatile terpenes are released into the air and detected by the olfactory system in your nose. These compounds bind to receptors in the nasal cavity, sending signals to the brain that are interpreted as distinct smells.

Variability

The perception of cannabis aroma can vary between individuals due to differences in olfactory receptors and personal preferences. What smells pleasant to one person might be less appealing to another.

Popular Cannabis Aromas

Fruity and Sweet

Strains with high levels of limonene and myrcene often have sweet, fruity scents. Examples include:

• Blueberry: Known for its sweet, berry-like aroma.
• Strawberry Cough: Offers a sweet, strawberry fragrance.

Earthy and Spicy

Strains rich in myrcene and caryophyllene tend to have earthy, spicy smells. Examples include:

• OG Kush: Features a strong, earthy scent with pine and spice notes.
• Northern Lights: Has an earthy aroma with sweet undertones.

Floral and Herbal

Strains with high levels of linalool and pinene can have floral and herbal aromas. Examples include:

• Lavender: True to its name, it smells like fresh lavender with a hint of spice.
• Jack Herer: Offers a piney scent with a touch of herbal spiciness.

Conclusion

The distinctive smell of cannabis comes from its rich terpene profile, which varies by strain and growing conditions. Terpenes not only define the aroma but also play a role in the plant’s effects through the entourage effect. Understanding the sources and influences on cannabis’ smell can enhance appreciation for the complexity and diversity of this plant.